Truth in Science

Truth in Science
Edexcel A-Level Human Biology PDF Print E-mail

This course teaches has the same content on evolution as the Edexcel A Level Biology course, and an additional substantial section on the origin of humans. The syllabus for this topic (Unit 5H, Topic 2) is quoted here in full:




5H.2


HUMAN EVOLUTION

Humans as primates

describe the range of form in primates illustrated by lemurs, old and new world monkeys, apes and humans.

Evidence for human evolution


describe the phylogenetic relationships of hominoids, illustrated by evidence from the following:

comparative anatomy of skull and skeleton (details of individual bones are not required);

fossils and geochronology with reference to comparing and dating fossil material;

immunological studies of blood sera;

amino acid sequences;

DNA hybridisation and base sequences.


Hominoid evolution

describe the divergence of apes and hominids from a common ancestor;

the possible influence of climate and habitat change on the evolution of hominid features;

describe the Australopithecines and their possible relationships to Homo.


Evolution of Homo

describe the main features of Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens and Neanderthal man;

changes in the skeleton, skull and brain development;

bipedalism and evolution of the hand.


Palaeolithic

describe Homo habilis;

tool making, development of brain, speech and language;

sexual bonding and extended childhood;

describe Homo erectus;

development of hunting and the use of fire;
 
describe Homo sapiens, Neanderthal man, Cro-Magnon man and the Upper Paleolithic cultures;

development of flint knapping and cave painting;

foundation of religious beliefs and practices.


Neolithic

describe the development of agriculture and settled communities;

domestication of animals.




TiS: The evidence for human evolution is actually quite sparse. As Bill Bryson memorably puts it: "The total world archive of hominid and early human bones" could fit "into the back of a pickup truck." (A Short History of Nearly Everything p. 529). Homologies between apes and Homo sapiens do not necessarily indicate common ancestry, but could reflect a design economy optimised to accord with structural and functional constraints. Students should be allowed to explore these alternative explanations for the data.


 

Quote

A fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of each question.

Charles Darwin

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