AS and A level specifications must build on the skills, knowledge and understanding set out in the GSCE criteria for science and must include the following requirements:

• Use theories, models and ideas to develop and modify scientific explanations;
• Analyse and interpret data to provide evidence, recognising correlations and causal relationships;
• Evaluate methodology, evidence and data,  and resolve conflicting evidence;
• Appreciate the tentative nature of scientific knowledge;
• Appreciate the role of the scientific community in validating new knowledge and ensuring integrity;
• Appreciate the ways society uses science to inform decision making.

Biodiversity: 

Adaptation and selection are major components of evolution and make a significant contribution to the diversity of living organisms (Appendix 4:1.3 g).

Cellular Control:

Transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next can ensure continuity of species or lead to variation within a species and eventual formation of new species (Appendix 4:1.10 c).

Reproductive isolation can lead to accumulation of different

genetic information in populations potentially leading to the

formation of new species (Appendix 4:1.10 d).